Operating system data is an array of functions that allows a variety of programs to run efficiently on a computer. The functions support functions such as managing processes, memory management, device management and file systems, along with security and monitoring of performance.
The primary function of the OS is managing CPU time and hardware resources. The OS determines which programs get the processor’s attention, and regulates the way in which programs interact with each other, so they do not interfere with one another. This involves scheduling processes for execution, making decisions about the order in which applications will be executed, and ensuring that each process has sufficient memory to execute its program.
Memory management is managed by some operating systems using techniques like paging and segmentation. These techniques divide memory into segments which are then allocated to or out of RAM according to the requirements. This technique boosts RAM without requiring new hardware.
Another major function of an operating system is to manage input and output from devices attached to it, such as printers and disk drives. The OS handles communication between application and hardware by installing and managing device drivers. It also creates a table called the device status desk that keeps track of which devices are ready online data privacy for writing or reading, and the number of processes waiting for them.
The operating system also manages long-term non-volatile storage by using file system using devices like disks and tapes. It handles access to files and their organization, optimizes storage device use as well as ensuring security and user access rights.